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1. Support information	=>	support-information-zkewk3

1.1. Supported operating systems	=>	supported-operating-systems-rhbg35

1.2. Where to get support	=>	where-to-get-support-f3pbrb

2. Installation	=>	installing-upgrading-and-uninstalling-phusion-passenger-laryvs

2.1. Synopsis	=>	synopsis-l0om5d

2.2. Generic installation, upgrade and downgrade method: via RubyGems	=>	installing-via-the-gem-39jw1u

2.3. Generic installation, upgrade and downgrade method: via tarball	=>	installing-via-the-source-tarball-1cgxrqc

2.4. Installing or upgrading on Debian or Ubuntu	=>	installing-or-upgrading-on-ubuntu-1xg22xs

2.4.1. Adding our APT repository	=>	adding-our-apt-repository-1l8plxk

2.4.2. Installing packages	=>	installing-packages-1jxn722

2.5. Installing or upgrading on Red Hat, Fedora, CentOS or ScientificLinux	=>	installing-or-upgrading-on-red-hat-fedora-centos-or-scientificlinux-1y5ie8b

2.6. Installing or upgrading on Mac OS X with Homebrew	=>	installing-or-upgrading-on-mac-os-x-with-homebrew-1pia1cx

2.7. Upgrading from open source to Enterprise	=>	upgrading-from-open-source-to-enterprise-b17h8g

2.8. Cryptographic verification of installation files	=>	cryptographic-verification-of-installation-files-ed3r9v

2.8.1. Synopsis	=>	synopsis-uwnz2o

2.8.2. Importing the Phusion Software Signing key	=>	importing-the-phusion-software-signing-key-1x0rhv

2.8.3. Verifying the Phusion Software Signing key	=>	verifying-the-phusion-software-signing-key-10430lg

2.8.4. Verifying the gem and tarball	=>	verifying-the-gem-and-tarball-1nf0uov

2.8.5. Verifying Git signatures	=>	verifying-git-signatures-oaafwd

2.8.6. Verifying DEB and RPM packages	=>	verifying-deb-and-rpm-packages-vgtv04

2.8.7. Revocation	=>	revocation-4o01n2

2.9. Non-interactive, automatic, headless installs or upgrades	=>	non-interactive-automatic-headless-installs-or-upgrades-1arnxii

2.10. Customizing the compilation process	=>	customizing-the-compilation-process-1sds3od

2.10.1. Setting the compiler	=>	setting-the-compiler-1symq7h

2.10.2. Adding additional compiler or linker flags	=>	adding-additional-compiler-or-linker-flags-wzu0ey

2.10.3. Forcing location of command line tools and dependencies	=>	forcing-location-of-certain-command-line-tools-1hym30u

2.11. Working with the Apache configuration file	=>	locating-the-apache-configuration-file-1fterqv

2.12. Disabling without uninstalling	=>	unloading-disabling-phusion-passenger-from-apache-without-uninstalling-it-s1axnx

2.13. Uninstalling	=>	uninstalling-phusion-passenger-1qb4ssq

2.14. Moving to a different directory	=>	moving-to-a-different-directory-1n0gkwh

3. Deploying a Ruby on Rails 1.x or 2.x (but NOT Rails >= 3.x) application	=>	deploying-a-ruby-on-rails-1-x-or-2-x-but-not-rails-3-x-application-9r92hi

3.1. Deploying to a virtual host’s root	=>	deploying-to-a-virtual-host-s-root-ab4zj6

3.2. Deploying to a sub URI	=>	deploying-to-a-sub-uri-13rfygg

3.3. Redeploying (restarting the Ruby on Rails application)	=>	redeploying-restarting-the-ruby-on-rails-application--m5zqc6

3.4. Migrations	=>	migrations-15238b4

3.5. Capistrano integration	=>	capistrano-integration-1o4cbyq

4. Deploying a Rack-based Ruby application (including Rails >= 3)	=>	deploying-a-rack-based-ruby-application-including-rails-3--hcs66f

4.1. Tutorial/example: writing and deploying a Hello World Rack application	=>	tutorial-example-writing-and-deploying-a-hello-world-rack-application-axp5z5

4.2. Deploying to a virtual host’s root	=>	deploying-to-a-virtual-host-s-root-u9bfax

4.3. Deploying to a sub URI	=>	deploying-to-a-sub-uri-zekba6

4.4. Redeploying (restarting the Rack application)	=>	redeploying-restarting-the-rack-application--18m41m1

4.5. Rackup specifications for various web frameworks	=>	rackup-specifications-for-various-web-frameworks-ndsqc2

4.5.1. Camping	=>	camping-1kxexk0

4.5.2. Halcyon	=>	halcyon-1ghnpmz

4.5.3. Mack	=>	mack-miht6b

4.5.4. Merb	=>	merb-iyj7qy

4.5.5. Ramaze	=>	ramaze-boddtj

4.5.6. Sinatra	=>	sinatra-1hubto4

5. Deploying a WSGI (Python) application	=>	deploying-a-wsgi-python-application-7aygdl

5.1. Tutorial/example: writing and deploying a Hello World WSGI application	=>	tutorial-example-writing-and-deploying-a-hello-world-wsgi-application-9ziqy8

5.2. Deploying to a virtual host’s root	=>	deploying-to-a-virtual-host-s-root-zzo4v7

5.3. Redeploying (restarting the WSGI application)	=>	redeploying-restarting-the-wsgi-application--na7pmf

6. Configuring Phusion Passenger	=>	configuring-phusion-passenger-11oztoe

6.1. PassengerRoot <directory>	=>	passengerroot-directory--sere8l

6.2. PassengerDefaultRuby <filename>	=>	passengerdefaultruby-and-passengerruby-7zblp8

6.3. PassengerRuby <filename>	=>	passengerruby-filename--1r3fv73

6.4. PassengerPython <filename>	=>	passengerpython-filename--1ssesv3

6.5. PassengerAppRoot <path/to/root>	=>	passengerapproot-path-to-root--uf24yd

6.6. PassengerSpawnMethod <string>	=>	passengerspawnmethod-string--sodg2y

6.7. PassengerEnabled <on|off>	=>	passengerenabled-on-off--74rzth

6.8. PassengerTempDir <directory>	=>	passengertempdir-directory--68h2ng

6.9. PassengerUploadBufferDir <directory>	=>	passengeruploadbufferdir-directory--kdr8at

6.10. PassengerRestartDir <directory>	=>	passengerrestartdir-directory--1fmhmv0

6.11. PassengerRollingRestarts <on|off>	=>	passengerrollingrestarts

6.12. PassengerResistDeploymentErrors <on|off>	=>	passengerresistdeploymenterrors

6.13. Security options	=>	security-options-1pb75ho

6.13.1. PassengerUserSwitching <on|off>	=>	passengeruserswitching

6.13.2. PassengerUser <username>	=>	passengeruser

6.13.3. PassengerGroup <group name>	=>	passengergroup

6.13.4. PassengerDefaultUser <username>	=>	passengerdefaultuser

6.13.5. PassengerDefaultGroup <group name>	=>	passengerdefaultgroup

6.13.6. PassengerFriendlyErrorPages <on|off>	=>	passengerfriendlyerrorpages

6.14. Resource control and optimization options	=>	resource-control-and-optimization-options-zu2f7u

6.14.1. PassengerMaxPoolSize <integer>	=>	passengermaxpoolsize-integer--am64q8

6.14.2. PassengerMinInstances <integer>	=>	passengermininstances-integer--wegq6b

6.14.3. PassengerMaxInstances <integer>	=>	passengermaxinstances

6.14.4. PassengerMaxInstancesPerApp <integer>	=>	passengermaxinstancesperapp

6.14.5. PassengerPoolIdleTime <integer>	=>	passengerpoolidletime-integer--a3gunq

6.14.6. PassengerMaxPreloaderIdleTime <integer>	=>	railsappspawneridletime-integer--1awgog1

6.14.7. PassengerStartTimeout <seconds>	=>	passengerstarttimeout-seconds--ihnfku

6.14.8. PassengerConcurrencyModel <process|thread>	=>	passengerconcurrencymodel-process-thread--1eipofj

6.14.9. PassengerThreadCount <number>	=>	passengerthreadcount-number--10jl64a

6.14.10. PassengerMaxRequests <integer>	=>	passengermaxrequests-integer--17qkw9n

6.14.11. PassengerMaxRequestTime <seconds>	=>	passengermaxrequesttime-seconds--127v1i2

6.14.12. PassengerMemoryLimit <integer>	=>	passengermemorylimit-integer--18irza1

6.14.13. PassengerStatThrottleRate <integer>	=>	passengerstatthrottlerate-integer--1dcfda3

6.14.14. PassengerPreStart <url>	=>	passengerprestart-url--1utb57k

6.14.15. PassengerHighPerformance <on|off>	=>	passengerhighperformance-on-off--nvfa86

6.15. Connection handling options	=>	connection-handling-options-1k3zd1a

6.15.1. PassengerBufferResponse <on|off>	=>	passengerbufferresponse-on-off--1y7ilka

6.15.2. passenger_max_request_queue_size <number>	=>	passenger-max-request-queue-size-number--1f1uocd

6.16. Compatibility options	=>	compatibility-options-8jve5a

6.16.1. PassengerResolveSymlinksInDocumentRoot <on|off>	=>	passengerresolvesymlinksindocumentroot-on-off--1r0qcp8

6.16.2. PassengerAllowEncodedSlashes <on|off>	=>	passengerallowencodedslashes-on-off--1y3s1ww

6.17. Logging and debugging options	=>	logging-and-debugging-options-el2cuc

6.17.1. PassengerLogLevel <integer>	=>	passengerloglevel-integer--s3kbil

6.17.2. PassengerDebugLogFile <filename>	=>	passengerdebuglogfile-filename--1wjm2j1

6.17.3. PassengerDebugger <on|off>	=>	passengerdebugger-on-off--19you7e

6.18. Classic Ruby on Rails (⇐ 2.x)-specific options	=>	ruby-on-rails-specific-options-1t10wfu

6.18.1. RailsBaseURI <uri>	=>	railsbaseuri-uri--1txrw3k

6.18.2. RailsEnv <string>	=>	railsenv-string--1b0xxvu

6.19. Rack and Rails >= 3 specific options	=>	rack-specific-options-wk9qzt

6.19.1. RackBaseURI <uri>	=>	rackbaseuri-uri--1to24pj

6.19.2. RackEnv <string>	=>	rackenv-string--vve9py

6.20. Deprecated or removed options	=>	deprecated-options-pm9m57

6.20.1. RailsRuby	=>	railsruby-ht09ei

6.20.2. RailsUserSwitching	=>	railsuserswitching-1npx8y4

6.20.3. RailsDefaultUser	=>	railsdefaultuser-19j7n3m

6.20.4. RailsAllowModRewrite	=>	railsallowmodrewrite-1vkziro

6.20.5. RailsSpawnMethod	=>	railsspawnmethod-1aljgpa

6.20.6. RailsAutoDetect, RackAutoDetect and WsgiAutoDetect	=>	railsautodetect-rackautodetect-and-wsgiautodetect-1qgakzs

6.20.7. RailsAppSpawnerIdleTime	=>	railsappspawneridletime-heh41r

6.20.8. RailsFrameworkSpawnerIdleTime	=>	railsframeworkspawneridletime-adcf9k

7. Troubleshooting	=>	troubleshooting-2ihihi

7.1. Operating system-specific problems	=>	operating-system-specific-problems-327gbk

7.1.1. MacOS X: The installer cannot locate MAMP’s Apache	=>	macos-x-the-installer-cannot-locate-mamp-s-apache-or908n

7.2. Problems during installation	=>	problems-during-installation-q1vlsu

7.2.1. Ruby development headers aren’t installed	=>	ruby-development-headers-aren-t-installed-1yqrom8

7.2.2. Apache development headers aren’t installed	=>	apache-development-headers-aren-t-installed-x2473y

7.2.3. APR development headers aren’t installed	=>	apr-development-headers-aren-t-installed-13bk976

7.2.4. Phusion Passenger is using the wrong Apache during installation	=>	phusion-passenger-is-using-the-wrong-apache-during-installation-82qnt4

7.2.5. Phusion Passenger is using the wrong Ruby during installation	=>	phusion-passenger-is-using-the-wrong-ruby-during-installation-1nh3zml

7.3. Problems after installation	=>	problems-after-installation-fwd23q

7.3.1. My Rails application works on Mongrel, but not on Phusion Passenger	=>	my-rails-application-works-on-mongrel-but-not-on-phusion-passenger-1f28drx

7.3.2. Phusion Passenger has been compiled against the wrong Apache installation	=>	phusion-passenger-has-been-compiled-against-the-wrong-apache-installation-n74ce0

7.3.3. I get a "403 Forbidden" error	=>	i-get-a-403-forbidden-error-m0rlay

7.3.4. Static assets such as images and stylesheets aren’t being displayed	=>	static-assets-such-as-images-and-stylesheets-aren-t-being-displayed-uaptpi

7.3.5. The Apache error log says that the spawn manager script does not exist, or that it does not have permission to execute it	=>	the-apache-error-log-says-that-the-spawn-manager-script-does-not-exist-or-that-it-does-not-have-permission-to-execute-it-1fmoozk

7.3.6. The Rails application reports that it’s unable to start because of a permission error	=>	the-rails-application-reports-that-it-s-unable-to-start-because-of-a-permission-error-v53i6s

7.3.7. My Rails application’s log file is not being written to	=>	my-rails-application-s-log-file-is-not-being-written-to-3i747l

7.3.8. I’ve deployed my app on SSL, but the app thinks its not on SSL	=>	i-ve-deployed-my-app-on-ssl-but-the-app-thinks-its-not-on-ssl-10rvgnr

7.4. Conflicting Apache modules	=>	conflicting-apache-modules-1uwpixk

7.4.1. mod_userdir	=>	mod-userdir-x5e2te

7.4.2. MultiViews (mod_negotiation)	=>	multiviews-mod-negotiation--zchfg0

7.4.3. VirtualDocumentRoot	=>	virtualdocumentroot-14cwd7l

8. Analysis and system maintenance	=>	analysis-and-system-maintenance-qvkwzr

8.1. Inspecting memory usage	=>	inspecting-memory-usage-1bkis6i

8.2. Inspecting Phusion Passenger’s internal status	=>	inspecting-phusion-passenger-s-internal-status-ukekf7

8.3. Debugging frozen applications	=>	debugging-frozen-applications-1qsjqq7

8.4. Accessing individual application processes	=>	accessing-individual-application-processes-1p0j4jb

8.5. Attaching an IRB console to an application process	=>	attaching-an-irb-console-to-an-application-process-1cma32j

9. Tips	=>	tips-19cwwf7

9.1. User Switching (security feature)	=>	user-switching-security--8njx1x

9.1.1. Requirements	=>	requirements-yxvtxo

9.1.2. Effects	=>	effects-1lko7vo

9.1.3. Caveats & troubleshooting	=>	caveats-troubleshooting-161hgge

9.1.4. Finding out what user an application is running as	=>	finding-out-what-user-an-application-is-running-as-7uwrol

9.2. Copy-on-write memory support (reducing memory consumption of Ruby applications)	=>	reducing-memory-consumption-of-ruby-on-rails-applications-by-33--1ubxnq0

9.3. Capistrano recipe	=>	capistrano-recipe-syzgo7

9.4. Bundler support	=>	bundler-support-cf72ih

9.4.1. Does Phusion Passenger itself need to be added to the Gemfile?	=>	does-phusion-passenger-itself-need-to-be-added-to-the-gemfile--17whimp

9.5. Installing multiple Ruby on Rails versions	=>	installing-multiple-ruby-on-rails-versions-mi5j14

9.6. Making the application restart after each request	=>	making-the-application-restart-after-each-request-183bezx

9.7. How to fix broken images/CSS/JavaScript URIs in sub-URI deployments	=>	how-to-fix-broken-images-css-javascript-uris-in-sub-uri-deployments-a63b6r

9.8. Out-of-Band Work and Out-of-Band Garbage Collection	=>	out-of-band-work-and-out-of-band-garbage-collection-kav2p8

9.9. Flying Passenger	=>	flying-passenger-q916f7

9.9.1. Requirements	=>	requirements-1ntkin3

9.9.2. Basic usage	=>	basic-usage-joifsk

9.9.3. Configuring Flying Passenger	=>	configuring-flying-passenger-1v35vgg

9.9.4. Managing the Flying Passenger daemon	=>	managing-the-flying-passenger-daemon-1bng2bu

9.9.5. Using Flying Passenger with MRI 1.8 or JRuby	=>	using-flying-passenger-with-mri-1-8-or-jruby-f5tbvs

9.9.6. Caveats and limitations	=>	caveats-and-limitations-lz3rbb

9.10. X-Sendfile support	=>	x-sendfile-support-1cgyykw

9.11. Upload progress	=>	upload-progress-71cyl7

10. Under the hood	=>	under-the-hood-21ue5t

10.1. Page caching support	=>	page-caching-support-kwq9b9

10.2. Phusion Passenger and its relationship with Ruby	=>	phusion-passenger-and-its-relationship-with-ruby-1eq08ff

10.2.1. How Ruby is used	=>	how-ruby-is-used-14r83nr

10.2.2. When the system has multiple Ruby interpreters	=>	when-the-system-has-multiple-ruby-interpreters-10tm1fq

10.3. Static assets serving	=>	static-assets-serving-wo2d9v

10.4. How Phusion Passenger detects whether a virtual host is a web application	=>	how-phusion-passenger-detects-whether-a-virtual-host-is-a-web-application-179mp8m

11. Appendix A: About this document	=>	appendix-a-about-this-document-103toqs

12. Appendix B: Terminology	=>	appendix-b-terminology-h4eaf4

12.1. Application root	=>	application-root-otx6xf

12.2. Idle process	=>	idle-process-potb6g

12.3. Inactive process	=>	inactive-process-16gjv2e

13. Appendix C: Spawning methods explained	=>	appendix-c-spawning-methods-explained-owghi9

13.1. The most straightforward and traditional way: direct spawning	=>	the-most-straightforward-and-traditional-way-conservative-spawning-1ybbli2

13.2. The smart spawning method	=>	the-smart-spawning-method-1cvu9dd

13.2.1. How it works	=>	how-it-works-672zja

13.2.2. Summary of benefits	=>	summary-of-benefits-1yrihfb

13.3. Smart spawning gotcha #1: unintentional file descriptor sharing	=>	smart-spawning-gotcha-1-unintentional-file-descriptor-sharing-z1y55l

13.3.1. Example 1: Memcached connection sharing (harmful)	=>	example-1-memcached-connection-sharing-harmful--c71wqw

13.3.2. Example 2: Log file sharing (not harmful)	=>	example-2-log-file-sharing-not-harmful--1p2yuol

13.4. Smart spawning gotcha #2: the need to revive threads	=>	smart-spawning-gotcha-2-the-need-to-revive-threads-1k6cj7d

13.5. Smart spawning gotcha #3: code load order	=>	smart-spawning-gotcha-3-code-load-order-nkotiy

14. Appendix D: About environment variables	=>	appendix-d-about-environment-variables-1lebv1u

14.1. Working with environment variables	=>	working-with-environment-variables-85e6aa

14.2. The PATH environment variable	=>	the-path-environment-variable-p8e32r

14.2.1. Adding Phusion Passenger’s administration tools to PATH	=>	adding-phusion-passenger-s-administration-tools-to-path-xwppud

14.3. Making environment variables permanent	=>	making-environment-variables-permanent-13x0l4h

14.3.1. bash	=>	bash-1pktn63

14.3.2. Apache	=>	apache-15zqjvi

14.3.3. Nginx	=>	nginx-l7ztbb

14.3.4. cron	=>	cron-1kjp7ck

14.3.5. Phusion Passenger-served apps	=>	phusion-passenger-served-apps-478vyt

14.4. Environment variables and sudo	=>	environment-variables-and-sudo-1odzcpz

